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In the linear, global, historiographical approach, modern history (the "modern period," the "modern era," "modern times") is the history of the period following post-classical history (in Europe known as the "Middle Ages"), spanning from about 1500 to the present. "Contemporary history" includes events from around 1945 to the present. (The definitions of both terms, "modern history" and "contemporary history", have changed over time, as more history has occurred, and so have their start dates.) Modern history can be further broken down into periods:
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Terracotta army, China, c. 210 BCE
Gutenberg Bible, ca. 1450, produced using movable type
Battle during 1281 Mongol invasion of Japan
Leonardo da Vinci's Vitruvian Man (c. 1490), Renaissance Italy
Pillar erected by India's Maurya Dynasty Emperor Ashoka
The 11 September 2001 Al Qaeda attacks influenced U.S. foreign policy.
Last Moon landing: Apollo 17 (1972)
Ming Dynasty section, Great Wall of China
Persepolis, Achaemenid Empire, 6th century BCE
Great Mosque of Kairouan, Tunisia, founded 670 CE
The Wright Brothers built and flew the first airplane, the Wright Flyer, in 1903
World population, 10,000 BCE – 2,000 CE (vertical population scale is logarithmic)
Watt's steam engine powered the Industrial Revolution.
Pyramid text, pyramid of Unas, Saqqara, Egypt, 24th century BCE
Empires, 1898
Collegium Maius of Kraków's Jagiellonian University, Copernicus's first alma mater
1570 world map, showing Europeans' discoveries
Angkor Wat temple, Cambodia, early 12th century
Atomic bombings: Hiroshima, Nagasaki, 1945
Monumental cuneiform inscription, Sumer, Mesopotamia, 26th century BCE
The Pantheon in Rome, Italy, originally a Roman temple, now a Catholic church
Cave painting, Lascaux, France, c. 15,000 BCE
"Venus of Willensdorf", Austria, c. 26,500 BCE
Hagia Sophia, Istanbul (formerly Constantinople), Turkey
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