Mohammad-Javad Bahonar
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Mohammad-Javad Bahonar | |
|---|---|
محمدجواد باهنر | |
 | |
| 48th Prime Minister of Iran | |
| In office 4 August 1981 – 30 August 1981 | |
| President | Mohammad-Ali Rajai |
| Preceded by | Mohammad-Ali Rajai |
| Succeeded by | Reza Mahdavi Kani (Acting) |
| Minister of Education | |
| In office 10 August 1980 – 10 August 1981 | |
| President | Abolhassan Banisadr |
| Prime Minister | Mohammad-Ali Rajai |
| Preceded by | Mohammad-Ali Rajai |
| Succeeded by | Ali Akbar Parvaresh |
| Member of the Parliament of Iran | |
| In office 28 May 1980 – 10 August 1980 | |
| Constituency | Tehran, Rey, Shemiranat and Eslamshahr |
| Majority | 1,385,197 (64.8%) |
| Member of Assembly of Experts for Constitution | |
| In office 15 August 1979 – 15 November 1979 | |
| Constituency | Kerman Province |
| Majority | 205,765 (80.2%) |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 5 September 1933 Kerman, Iran |
| Died | 30 August 1981 (aged 47) Tehran, Iran |
| Resting place | Hafte Tir Mausoleum |
| Political party | Islamic Republican Party |
| Spouse(s) | Zahra Eynakian (1966–1981, his death)[1] |
| Relatives | Mohammad-Reza Bahonar (brother) |
| Alma mater | University of Tehran |
| Signature |  |
Mohammad-Javad Bahonar (Persian: محمدجواد باهنر, 5 September 1933 – 30 August 1981) was a Shia Iranian theologian and politician who served as the Prime Minister of Iran for less than one month in August 1981.[2] Bahonar and other members of Mohammad-Ali Rajai's government were purportedly assassinated by Mujahideen-e Khalq.[3]
Early life
Mohammad Javad Bahonar was born on 3 September 1933 in Kerman, Iran.[4] His father was a simple tradesman and had a little shop at the Kerman.[5] He was the second child of nine, and his family was very poor. As a child, he was taught the Quran by local women, also learning to read and write. Guided by Ayatollah Haghighi, he studied at the Masoumieh seminary. At the same time he could obtain the degree of fifth of ancient school.[6]
Education
Bahonar passed his primary school at Masoumieh School of Kerman. In 1953, he went to Qom Seminary and attended in the class of Ruhollah Khomeini, the leader of Iranian revolution.[7][3][8] He received a PhD in theology from the University of Tehran.[7] Also, he was faculty member of the Tehran University and taught religious lessons and theology.[3][7][9]
Revolutionary activities
Before Iranian revolution
Bahonar was a reviler of the Pahlavi dynasty and had activities against Mohammad Reza Shah that led to imprisonment him in 1963,[4] 1964, and 1975.[3][9] On 1963, he was jailed for opposing the Shah's White Revolution.[4] Also, during exile of Khomeini in Iraq and France, he continued his revolutionary activities and was an influential member among Khomeini's followers.[9][3][7][10] Bahonar along with Morteza Motahari was active speaker of Hosseiniyeh Ershad, a religious lecture hall in the Tehran.[9]
After Iranian revolution
Upon release from custody, Bahonar did not engage in further activism until Khomeini became Iran's de facto ruler. For his service in the revolution, Bahonar became the new government's ministry of culture and Islamic guidance in 1981, and was responsible for censoring any media disapproved by Muslim leaders in Tehran. He also directed a purge of all secular influence from Iranian Universities.[11]
He also became a founding member of the Islamic Republican party[12] and an original member of the Council of Revolution of Iran. Also, he was member of Assembly of Experts.[9] Bahonar along with Mohammad Ali Rajai purging Iranian universities of western cultural influences which known as the Islamic Cultural Revolution.[3][7] After the assassination of Mohammad Beheshti on 28 June 1981, he was appointed general secretary of the party where he was also a member of the central committee.[3][12] Bahonar served as the minister of culture and Islamic guidance under Mohammad Ali Rajai's prime ministry from March 1981 to August 1981. When Rajai became president on 5 August 1981, he chose Bahonar as his prime minister.[13]
Assassination
Bahonar was assassinated along with Rajai and other members of Islamic Republican Party when a bomb exploded at the party's office in Tehran on 30 August 1981.[4][14][15][13] In Iran, this explosion is known as the Hashteh-Shahrivar bombing. The bomb was set off when one of the victims opened a briefcase. The briefcase was carried by Massoud Keshmiri, a security official at the Islamic Republican Party, to the meeting. One week later, Keshmiri was announced as responsible for planning and execution of the assassination.[8] Keshmiri was identified as an operative of Mujahedin that was supported by Saddam Hussein.[4][3] He tried to assassinate Rajai and Bahonar on 22 August when Rajai introduced his cabinet to Ruhollah Khomeini. Ahmad Khomeini explained that Keshmiri was with Rajai when they came to see Imam Khomeini. He had a suitcase but they did not allow him to bring it.[8]
See also
- Mohammad-Reza Bahonar, his brother
- Mohammad Beheshti
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mohammad-Javad Bahonar. |
References
- ^ شهید باهنر به روایت همسر
- ^ Robin B. Wright (2010). The Iran Primer: Power, Politics, and U.S. Policy. US Institute of Peace Press. p. 221. ISBN 978-1-60127-084-9.
- ^ a b c d e f g h The Editors of Encyclopædia Britannica. "Mohammad Javad Bahonar (Prime minister of Iran)". Britannica. Retrieved 31 May 2016.
- ^ a b c d e Michael Newton (17 April 2014). Famous Assassinations in World History: An Encyclopedia [2 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. pp. 27–28. ISBN 978-1-61069-286-1.
- ^ "An index of memories of Mohammad Javad Bahona". Maryrdom and Sacrifice. Archived from the original on 18 January 2010. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
- ^ http://www.ensani.ir/fa/content/79974/default.aspx
- ^ a b c d e "Joint Crisis: Supreme Defense Council of Iran, 1980" (PDF). Harvard Model United Nations. Retrieved 3 October 2013.
- ^ a b c Baqer Moin (1999). Khomeini: Life of the Ayatollah. I.B.Tauris. p. 242. ISBN 978-1-85043-128-2.
- ^ a b c d e John H. Lorentz (14 April 2010). The A to Z of Iran. Scarecrow Press. p. 44. ISBN 978-1-4617-3191-7.
- ^ Manouchehr Ganji (2002). Defying the Iranian Revolution: From a Minister to the Shah to a Leader of Resistance. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 26. ISBN 978-0-275-97187-8.
- ^ Michael Newton (2014). "Bahonar, Mohammad-Javad (1933–1981)". Famous Assassinations in World History: An Encyclopedia. 1. ABC-CLIO. p. 27. ISBN 978-1-61069-286-1.
- ^ a b Asayesh, Hossein; Adlina Ab. Halim; Jayum A. Jawan; Seyedeh Nosrat Shojaei (March 2011). "Political Party in Islamic Republic of Iran: A Review". Journal of Politics and Law. 4 (1). Retrieved 29 July 2013.
- ^ a b Glenn E. Curtis; Eric Hooglund (18 July 2008). Iran: A Country Study. Government Printing Office. p. 63. ISBN 978-0-8444-1187-3.
- ^ The Pearson General Knowledge Manual 2010 (New Edition). Pearson Education India. 1 January 2010. p. 1. ISBN 978-81-317-2790-4. Retrieved 3 February 2013.
- ^ Nikou, Semira N. "Timeline of Iran's Political Events". United States Institute of Peace. Retrieved 27 July 2013.
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Mohammad-Ali Rajai |
Minister of Education 1980–1981 |
Succeeded by Ali Akbar Parvaresh |
| Preceded by Mohammad Ali Rajai |
Prime Minister of Iran 1981 |
Succeeded by Mohammad Reza Mahdavi Kani |
| Party political offices | ||
| Preceded by Mohammad Beheshti |
Secretary-General of the Islamic Republican Party 1981 |
Succeeded by Ali Khamenei |
