List of massacres in Israel
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The following is a list of massacres that have occurred in Israel since 1948.
- For massacres that have occurred in Roman Judea prior to the establishment of the Roman province of Syria Palæstina, see List of massacres in Roman Judea.
- For massacres that took place prior to the British Mandate, see List of massacres in Ottoman Syria.
- For massacres that took place in Mandatory Palestine, see List of killings and massacres in Mandatory Palestine.
- For massacres that took place during the 1948 Palestine War, see Killings and massacres during the 1948 Palestine War.
- For massacres that have occurred in the West Bank and Gaza since 1994, see List of massacres in the Palestinian territories:
| Name | Date | Location | Responsible Party | Deaths | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| al-Dawayima massacre | 28 October 1948 | al-Dawayima | Israeli Army | 70-80 | Accounts of the incident vary greatly; some report that bodies were put in a well. | |
| Safsaf massacre | 29 October 1948 | Safsaf | Israel Defense Forces | 52-64 | ||
| Eilabun massacre | 30 October 1948 | Eilabun | Israel Defense Forces | 14 | 2 Arab Christians killed before surrender, 12 after | |
| Ma'ale Akrabim massacre | 16–17 March 1954 | Scorpions Pass | Arab gang originating from either Jordan or Egypt | 11[1] | 2 injured | |
| Kafr Qasim massacre | 29 October 1956 | Kafr Qasim | Israel Border Police | 47 | 23 children were among the victims.
Israeli President Shimon Peres issued a formal apology in December 2007[2] | |
| Avivim school bus massacre | 8 May 1970 | near Avivim | Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command[3] | 12[4] | 25 wounded; 9 victims were children | |
| Lod Airport massacre | 30 May 1972 | Lod | Three members of the Japanese Red Army, on behalf of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine | 26[5] | 80 injured | |
| Kiryat Shmona massacre | 11 April 1974 | Kiryat Shmona, Israel | Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - General Command | 18[6] | 8 victims were children; 15 injured | |
| Ma'alot massacre[7] | 15 May 1974 | Ma'alot[8] | Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine[9] | 29[10] | 68 injured; victims were mostly children | |
| Zion Square massacre | 4 July 1975 | Jerusalem | Palestinian Liberation Organization | 15[11] | 77 wounded | |
| Coastal Road massacre | 11 March 1978 | near Tel Aviv | Palestinian Liberation Organization | 38[12] | 38 people were killed on bus. Victims include 13 children. Other people killed nearby. 71 wounded. | |
| Massacre in Rishon LeZion | 20 May 1990 | Rishon LeZion | Ami Popper, an Israeli citizen | 7 [13] | Seven Palestinian workers where killed, 16 Palestinians where wounded. The perpetrator was a 21-year-old Israeli with an automatic weapon. 13 more Palestinians were killed by Israeli forces in subsequent demonstrations to protest the massacre in various parts of the territories.[14] | |
| Dizengoff Street bus bombing | 19 October 1994 | Tel Aviv, Israel | Hamas | 22 | Suicide bomber blows himself up in a bus during the morning rushour at Dizengoff street, Tel Aviv. Killing 22 people and injuring 50 others. Hamas claimed responsibility. | |
| Beit Lid massacre[15][16][17][18] | 22 January 1995 | Beit Lid Junction | Palestinian Islamic Jihad | 23[19] | death toll includes 2 perpetrators; 69 injured; first suicide attack by Palestinian Islamic Jihad | |
| Island of Peace massacre | 13 March 1997 | Island of Peace | Jordanian Army Corporal Ahmed Daqamseh | 7[20] | Jordanian soldier opened fire on a large group of Israeli schoolgirls[20] | |
| Sbarro restaurant massacre | 9 August 2001 | Jerusalem | Hamas | 15[21] | 130 injured; 7 victims were children | |
| Dolphinarium discotheque massacre | 1 June 2001 | Tel Aviv | Hamas | 21 | 100+ wounded | |
| Bat Mitzvah massacre[22] | 18 January 2002 | Hadera | al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades | 7[23] | 33 wounded[23] | |
| Yeshivat Beit Yisrael massacre[24] | 2 March 2002 | Beit Yisrael, Jerusalem | Fatah al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades | 11[25] | Victims included 7 children, 2 of which were infants | |
| Café Moment bombing | 9 March 2002 | Jerusalem | Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades | 11[26] | 54 wounded | |
| Passover massacre[27] | 27 March 2002 | Netanya | Hamas[28] | 30[29] | 140 injured; some victims were Holocaust survivors; considered the deadliest single attack against Israeli civilians during the Second Intifada | |
| Kiryat Menachem massacre | 21 November 2002 | Jerusalem | Hamas | 11[30] | 50+ wounded | |
| Tel-Aviv central bus station massacre | 5 January 2003 | Southern Tel Aviv | Fatah al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades | 23[31] | Over 100 injured | |
| Shmuel HaNavi bus bombing | 19 August 2003 | Jerusalem | Hamas | 24[32] | 130+ wounded | |
| Mercaz HaRav massacre | 6 March 2008 | Kiryat Moshe, Jerusalem | Arab gunman, Alaa Abu Dhein | 8[33][34] | Attack took place at a school, and seven victims were students.[35] | |
| 2014 Jerusalem synagogue massacre | 18 November 2014 | Har Nof, Jerusalem | Uday Abu Jamal and Ghassan Abu Jamal | 5 | Attack against a synagogue. Four rabbis and a police officer were killed. | |
| June 2016 Tel Aviv shooting | 8 June 2016 | Sarona market, Tel Aviv | Khalid al-Mahmara and Muhammad Mahmara | 4 | Attack on restaurant guests in downtown Tel Aviv. Four civilians killed. |
See also
- List of killings and massacres in Mandatory Palestine
- List of attacks against Israeli civilians before 1967
- Civilian casualties in the Second Intifada
- List of Palestinian suicide attacks
- Palestinian political violence
References
- ^ Rosalyn Higgins (1981) United Nations Peacekeeping, 1946–1967: Documents and Commentary under the auspices of the Royal Institute of International Affairs by Oxford University Press, pp. 121–122
- ^ President Peres apologizes for Kafr Qasem massacre of 1956 Haaretz, 21 December 2007
- ^ PLO Strategy and Politics. Retrieved 17 December 2014.
- ^ "Moshav Avivim still stands determined during tensions". The Jerusalem Post - JPost.com. Retrieved 17 December 2014.
- ^ "In what became known as the Lod Airport Massacre three members of the terrorist group, Japanese Red Army, arrived at the airport aboard Air France Flight 132 from Rome. Once inside the airport they grabbed automatic firearms from their carry-on cases and fired at airport staff and visitors. In the end, 26 people died and 80 people were injured." CBC News, The Fifth Estate, "Fasten Your Seatbelts: Ben Gurion Airport in Israel", 2007. Accessed 2 June 2008.
- ^ Modern Israel & the Diaspora (1970-1979) Jewish Virtual Library
- ^ Sources describing the event as a "massacre":
- "The day after the Ma'alot massacre, condemned by Pope Paul VI and most Western leaders as 'an evil outrage...'" Frank Gervasi. Thunder Over the Mediterranean, McKay, 1975, p. 443.
- "The previous day Israel had been traumatized by the Ma'alot massacre, which had resulted in the deaths of numerous schoolchildren." William B. Quandt. Peace Process: American Diplomacy and the Arab-Israeli Conflict Since 1967, Brookings Institution Press, 2001, p. 432.
- "Faced with a public outcry over the Ma'alot massacre, they demanded of Syria a pledge to forbid terrorist to cross the Golan into Israel." Milton Viorst. Sands of Sorrow: Israel's Journey from Independence, I.B. Tauris, 1987, p. 192.
- "...Organization (PLO) crimes, like the massacre of Israeli athletes at the Munich Olympic Games in 1972 and the Ma'alot massacre of children in 1974." Richard J. Chasdi. Tapestry of Terror: A Portrait of Middle East Terrorism, 1994–1999, Lexington Books, 2002, p. 6.
- "The PFLP was responsible for the Ma'alot massacre on May IS, 1974 during which 22 Israeli children were killed." Alex Peter Schmid, A. J. Jongman, Michael Stohl. Political Terrorism: A New Guide to Actors, Authors, Concepts, Data Bases, Theories, & Literature, Transaction Publishers, 2005, p. 639.
- "On 22 November 1974, six months after the Ma'alot massacre, the United Nations General Assembly voted to accept the Palestine Liberation Organisation as an..." Martin Gilbert. The Jews in the Twentieth Century: An Illustrated History, Schocken Books, 2001, p. 327.
- Khoury, Jack. "U.S. filmmakers plan documentary on Ma'alot massacre", Haaretz, 7 March 2007.
- ^ Mayhew, Iain. "Israel’s Front Line Children", Daily Mirror, 10 August 2006.
- ^ Khoury, Jack. "U.S. filmmakers plan documentary on Ma'alot massacre", Haaretz, 7 March 2007.
- ^ "Bullets, Bombs and a Sign of Hope", TIME, 27 May 1974.
- ^ "13 Die, Scores Hurt in Jerusalem Blast". The New York Times - nytimes.com. 5 July 1975. Retrieved 23 August 2019.
- ^ "1978, March 11. The Coastal Road Massacre" Richard Ernest Dupuy, Trevor Nevitt Dupuy. The Encyclopedia of Military History from 3500 BC. to the Present, Harper & Row, 1986, ISBN 0061812358, p. 1362.
- ^ Chicago Tribune (21 May 1990, p.1 and 6)
- ^ Massacres Against Palestinians (visited 21 March 2015)
- ^ "But after the Beit Lid massacre, the government approved the construction and sale of 4000 units in occupied land around Jerusalem." Beyer, Lisa. "Can Peace Survive", Time, 6 February 1995.
- ^ "When Arafat called Rabin to express his condolences on the Beit Lid massacre, the prime minister was understandably furious." Karsh, Efraim, Arafat's War: The Man and His Battle for Israeli Conquest, Grove Press, 2003, p. 116. ISBN 0802117589
- ^ "The reaction of peace processors in Jerusalem and Washington to the Beit Lid massacre, in which Islamic suicide bombers wiped out a score of Israelis, has been shock, anger, sorrow -- but a determination that terrorist attacks not be allowed to stop the peace process." Safire, William. "Essay; Responding to Terror", The New York Times, 26 January 1995.
- ^ "President Ezer Weizman, a super-dove who initially supported the agreement wholeheartedly, called for a temporary suspension of talks following the Beit Lid massacre on January 22 and again after the February 6 killing in Gaza." Bar-Ilan, David. "Rain of terror - Israeli politics", National Review, 6 March 1995, p. 2.
- ^ "Fatal Terrorist Attacks in Israel since the Declaration of Principles". MFA. 24 September 2000. Archived from the original on 26 September 2011. Retrieved 22 September 2011.
- ^ a b Serge Schmemann (13 March 1997). "Jordanian Soldier Kills 7 Israeli Schoolgirls". The New York Times. Retrieved 15 February 2011.
- ^ "The Malki Foundation - Death of Innocents". Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 17 December 2014.CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (link)
- ^ Bat mitzvah massacre in Israel leaves seven dead, Phil Reeves, 18 January 2002
- ^ a b "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2 April 2012. Retrieved 27 November 2013.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^ Contemporary Suicide Terrorism: Origins, Trends and Ways of Tackling It. Retrieved 17 December 2014.
- ^ Suicide bombing in the Beit Yisrael neighborhood i Archived 4 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Bombing shatters illusions in an oasis of civility". The Guardian - theguardian.com. 11 March 2002. Retrieved 23 August 2019.
- ^ Sources describing the incident as the "Passover massacre":
- "Alleged Passover massacre plotter arrested", CNN, 26 March 2008.
- Ohad Gozani, "Hotel blast survivors relive the Passover massacre", The Daily Telegraph, 29 March 2002.
- "This reached a peak following the Passover massacre in the seaside resort of Netanya..." David Newman, "The consequence or the cause? Impact on the Israel-Palestine Peace Process", in Mary E. A. Buckley, Mary Buckley, Rick Fawn. Global Responses to Terrorism: 9/11, the War in Afghanistan, and Beyond, Rouledge, 2003, ISBN 0-415-31429-1, p. 158.
- "They faced stiff resistance from Palestinian gunmen who began preparing the camp's defenses as early as the Passover massacre in Netanya..." Todd C. Helmus, Russell W. Glenn. Steeling the Mind: Combat Stress Reactions and Their Implications for Urban Warfare Rand Corporation, 2005, ISBN 0-8330-3702-1, p. 58.
- "It can therefore be asked whether the 'human bomb' offensive starting with the Passover massacre on 27 March 2002..." Brigitte L. Nacos, "The Terrorist Calculus Behind 9–11: A Model for Future Terrorism?" in Gus Martin. The New Era of Terrorism: Selected Readings, Sage Publications Inc, 2004, ISBN 0761988734, p. 176.
- ^ Israel seals off territories for Passover, BBC News, 16 April 2003.
- ^ Linda Grant. "Defenders of the faith", The Guardian, 6 July 2002.
- ^ "Jerusalem suicide bombing kills 11". The Guardian - theguardian.com. 21 November 2002. Retrieved 23 August 2019.
- ^ Mordechai Evioni
- ^ "Bombing kills 18 and hurts scores on Jerusalem". The New York Times - nytimes.com. 20 August 2003. Retrieved 23 August 2019.
- ^ "Yeshiva head: This is continuation of 1929 massacre". Ynetnews. Retrieved 1 October 2012.
- ^ "Mercaz Harav hit by worst terror attack since April 2006". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on 17 July 2011. Retrieved 7 March 2008.
- ^ Bronner, Ethan (19 March 2008). "Poll Shows Most Palestinians Favor Violence Over Talks". The New York Times. Retrieved 29 July 2012.
