Event
|
Location
|
From
|
To
|
Lowest estimate
|
Highest estimate
|
Proportion of group killed
|
The Holocaust[N 1]
|
German-occupied Europe
|
1941
|
1945
|
5,750,000 [3]
|
6,000,000 [4]
|
Around 2/3 of the Jewish population of Europe.[5]
|
Generalplan Ost[N 1]
|
German-occupied Europe
|
1941
|
1945
|
4,500,000 [6]
|
13,700,000 [7]
|
13.7% of the Soviet Union's population died during WWII
Deaths include 1.3 million Jews, which are included in the deaths of 6 million Jews during the Holocaust,[4] as well as the deaths of more than 3 million Soviet POWs.[4]
|
Holodomor (Голодомор)[N 2] (Ukrainian genocide which is part of greater Soviet famine of 1932–33)
|
Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
|
1932
|
1933
|
1,800,000 [19][20][21][22]
|
7,500,000 [23][24][25][26][27]
|
Genocide of Ukrainians through artificial starvation by the Soviet regime.[28] At least 10% of Ukraine's population perished.[29] Its characterization as a genocide is disputed by some historians.[30][31][32]
|
Nazi genocide of Poles[N 1]
|
German-occupied Europe
|
1939
|
1945
|
1,800,000 [4]
|
3,000,000 [33]
|
17% of Poland's population was killed or died during World War II
|
Mongol conquest of Western Xia[N 3]
|
Western Xia
|
1205
|
1227
|
1,500,000
|
1,500,000
|
1,500,000 killed in the genocide after the conquest (Half[39] the population of Western Xia (3 million)[40][41][42] was exterminated)
|
Cambodian genocide[N 4]
|
Democratic Kampuchea
|
1975
|
1979
|
1,386,734 [51][52]
|
3,000,000 [46][53]
|
10–33% of total population of Cambodia killed[54][55] including:
100% of Cambodian Viets 50% of Cambodian Chinese and Cham 40% of Cambodian Lao and Thai 25% of Urban Khmer 16% of Rural Khmer
|
Kazakh genocide during the Soviet famine of 1932–33[N 5]
|
Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic
|
1931
|
1933
|
1,300,000 [56]
|
1,750,000 [57]
|
Some historians conclude that 42% of the entire Kazakh population died in the famine.[57] The two Soviet census show that the number of the Kazakhs in Kazakhstan dropped from 3,637,612 in 1926 to 2,181,520 in 1937.[58]
|
Armenian genocide Մեծ Եղեռն (Medz Yeghern, "Great Crime")[N 6]
|
Ottoman Empire (territories of present-day Turkey, Syria and Iraq)
|
1915
|
1922
|
700,000 [59]
|
1,800,000 [60]
|
At least 50% of Armenians in Turkey killed[59]
|
Indonesian genocide[N 7]
|
Indonesia
|
1965
|
1966
|
500,000 [71][67][68]
|
3,000,000 [69][70]
|
Some scholars now argue that the Indonesian massacres constitute genocide by the legal definition.[72][62][66][73][74]
|
Rwandan genocide[N 8]
|
Rwanda
|
1994
|
1994
|
500,000 [75]
|
1,071,000 [75]
|
70% of Tutsis in Rwanda killed 1/3 of Twa in Rwanda killed 20% of Rwanda's total population killed
|
Greek genocide including the Pontic genocide[N 9]
|
Ottoman Empire (territories of present-day Turkey)
|
1914
|
1922
|
500,000 [76]
|
900,000 [77]
|
|
Zunghar genocide 准噶尔灭族 in the Zunghar Khanate[N 10]
|
Qing Dynasty (Dzungaria)
|
1755
|
1758
|
480,000 [81]
|
600,000 [81]
|
80% of 600,000 Zungharian Oirats killed
|
Circassian genocide[N 11]
|
Circassia, Caucasus
|
1864
|
1867
|
400,000 [94]
|
1,500,000 .[95]
|
90% to 97% of total Circassian population perished or deported by the Russian forces.[96][97][98]
|
Genocide by the Ustaše including the Serbian genocide[N 12]
|
Independent State of Croatia (territories of present-day Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbian Syrmia)
|
1941
|
1945
|
320,000 [100][101]
|
600,000 [100][101][102]
|
13% to 21% of the Serbian population within the NDH was killed.[103]
|
Genocide in Bangladesh[N 13]
|
East Pakistan
|
1971
|
1971
|
300,000
|
3,000,000 [105][106]
|
2%[103] to 4%[107][108][109] Over 20% of Bengali Hindus killed[110] (Using 1 to 3 million deaths figures)
|
Pacification of Algeria[N 14]
|
French Algeria
|
1830
|
1871
|
300,000 [119]
|
1,000,000 [120]
|
10%[121] to 1/3[122][120] of Algeria's population died during the period
|
Genocide of indigenous peoples in Brazil[N 15]
|
Brazil
|
1900
|
1985
|
235,000 [129]
|
800,000 [130]
|
87 out of 230 Brazilian tribes went extinct during the period[131]
|
Albigensian Crusade (Cathar genocide)[N 16]
|
Languedoc, France
|
1209
|
1229
|
200,000 [134]
|
1,000,000 [135]
|
|
Assyrian genocide ܣܝܦܐ (Seyfo, "Sword")[N 17]
|
Ottoman Empire (territories of present-day Turkey, Syria and Iraq)
|
1915
|
1923
|
200,000 [136]
|
750,000 [137]
|
|
Irish genocide[N 18]
|
Ireland
|
1649
|
1653
|
200,000 [141]
|
618,000 [142]
|
20–40% of the population of Ireland perished during the Cromwellian conquest[141][142]
|
Wu Hu genocide[N 19]
|
Northern China
|
350
|
351
|
200,000 [144]
|
200,000
|
|
Genocide of the Tencteri and Usipetes[N 20]
|
Germania
|
55 BC
|
55 BC
|
150,000 [149]
|
430,000 [150]
|
|
Battle of Carthage (Punic genocide)[N 21]
|
Carthage (territories of present-day Tunis, Tunisia)
|
146 BC
|
146 BC
|
150,000 [156][151]
|
150,000
|
Population reduced from 500,000 to 55,000. 150,000 died in the fall of Carthage.[156]
|
Romani genocide[N 22]
|
German-occupied Europe
|
1935[161]
|
1945
|
130,000 [162]
|
500,000 [163][164]
|
25% of Romani people in Europe killed
|
Polish Operation of the NKVD (Polish genocide)[N 23]
|
Soviet Union
|
1937
|
1938
|
111,091 [174]
|
250,000 [175]
|
22% of the Polish population of the USSR was "sentenced" by the operation (140,000 people)[176]
|
Aardakh[N 24] (Soviet deportation of Chechens and other Vainakh populations)
|
Soviet Union, North Caucasus
|
1944
|
1948
|
100,000 [183]
|
400,000 [184]
|
23.5% to almost 50% of total Chechen population killed[185]
[177][page needed][178][179][186]
|
Darfur genocide[N 25]
|
Darfur, Sudan
|
2003
|
Present
|
98,000 [189]
|
500,000 [190]
|
|
Kurdish genocide[N 26]
|
Iraq
|
1977
|
1991
|
87,500
|
388,100
|
8% of the Kurdish population of Iraq was killed.[103]
|
East Timor genocide[N 27]
|
East Timor
|
1975
|
1999
|
85,320 [210]
|
196,720 [211]
|
13% to 44% of East Timor's total population killed (See death toll of East Timor genocide)
|
1972 Genocide of Burundian Hutus[N 28]
|
Burundi
|
1972
|
1972
|
80,000 [212][213]
|
300,000 [214]
|
5% of Burundi's population was killed in the 1972 genocide.[103] As much as 10% to 15% of the Hutu population of Burundi killed[214]
|
Libyan genocide[N 29]
|
Italian Libya
|
1923
|
1932
|
80,000 [219]
|
125,000 [226]
|
25% of Cyrenaican population killed[219]
|
Bambuti genocide[N 30]
|
North Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo
|
2002
|
2003
|
60,000 [229][227]
|
70,000 [229]
|
40% of the Eastern Congo's Pygmy population killed[N 31]
|
Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia[N 32]
|
Eastern part of pre-war Poland
|
1943
|
1945
|
50,000 [232]
|
300,000 [233][234][235][236][237]
|
4% to 20% of the pre-war (1931) Second Polish Republic's total Polish population of Voivodeships: stanisławowskie, tarnopolskie and wołyńskie[238][239] where killed.
|
Genocide of Isaaqs[N 33]
|
Somalia
|
1988
|
1991
|
50,000 [255][245]
|
200,000 [256]
|
|
Genocidal crimes against Bosniaks and Croats by the Chetniks[N 34]
|
Independent State of Croatia (territories of present-day Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Sandžak)
|
1941
|
1945
|
47,000 [260]
|
65,000 [260]
|
|
Deportation of the Crimean Tatars[N 35]
|
Crimean Peninsula, Soviet Union
|
1944
|
1948
|
34,000 [267]
|
195,471 [268]
|
The deportation and following exile reduced the Crimean Tatar population by between 18%[267] and 46%.[269]
|
Genocide in German South West Africa[N 36]
|
German South-West Africa
|
1904
|
1908
|
34,000 [270]
|
110,000 [271][272]
|
60% (24,000 out of 40,000[270]) to 81.25% (65,000[273][274] out of 80,000[275]) of total Herero and 50%[270] of Nama population killed.
|
Guatemalan genocide[N 37]
|
Guatemala
|
1962
|
1996
|
32,632 [280]
|
166,000 [281]
|
40% of the Maya population (24,000 people) of Guatemala's Ixil and Rabinal regions where killed[103]
|
Jewish genocide during the Russian White Terror[N 38]
|
what is now Ukraine and Russia
|
1918
|
1923
|
30,000 [283][284]
|
250,000 [282]
|
|
1993 Genocide of Burundian Tutsis[N 28]
|
Burundi
|
1993
|
1993
|
25,000 [286]
|
50,000 [287]
|
|
Genocide of Jews in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth by Cossack insurgents[N 39]
|
Zaporozhian Cossacks insurgents on territory of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Ukraine and Belarus
|
1648
|
1657
|
18,000 [289]
|
100,000 [290][291][292][293][294]
|
45–50% of the Jewish population of Ukraine was killed.[289]
|
Latvian Operation of the NKVD (Latvian genocide)[N 40]
|
Soviet Union
|
1937
|
1938
|
16,573 [295]
|
16,573 [296]
|
|
Persecution of Sikhs by India (1984 anti-Sikh riots & Operation Woodrose)[N 41]
|
Punjab, India
|
1984
|
1990
|
15,350 [N 42]
|
29,000 [N 42]
|
|
California genocide[N 43]
|
California
|
1846
|
1873
|
9,492–16,094 [311][312][315]
|
120,000 [312][316]
|
Amerindian population in California declined by 80% during the period
|
Queensland Aboriginal genocide[N 44]
|
Queensland, Australia
|
1840
|
1897
|
10,000 [321]
|
65,180 [322]
|
3.3% to over 50% of the aboriginal population was killed (10,000[321] to 65,180[322] killed out of 125,600)[clarification needed]
|
Rohingya genocide[N 45]
|
Myanmar
|
2017
|
Present
|
9,000–13,700 [329]
|
43,000 [330]
|
|
Decossackization[N 46]
|
Former Russian Empire
|
1917
|
1933
|
thousands–10,000+ [338]
|
1,000,000 [339]
|
|
Bosnian genocide[N 47]
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina
|
1992
|
1995
|
8,373 [344]
|
31,107–39,199 [345][346]
|
More than 3% of the Bosniak population of Bosnia and Herzegovina perished during the Bosnian War.[347]
|
Chittagong Hill Tracts genocide[N 48]
|
Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh
|
1977
|
1997
|
4,406 [356]
|
13,206 [356]
|
|
Selk'nam genocide[N 49]
|
Chile, Tierra del Fuego
|
Late 19th century
|
Early 20th century
|
2,500 [357]
|
3,900 [358]
|
84% The genocide reduced their numbers from around 3,000 to about 500 people. (Now pure Selk'nam are considered extinct.)[358][359]
|
Genocide of Yazidis by ISIL[N 50]
|
northern Iraq and Syria
|
2014
|
Present
|
2,100–4,400 [362]
|
10,000 [363]
|
|
Genocide of the Moriori[N 51]
|
Chatham Islands, New Zealand
|
1835
|
1863
|
1,900 [365][366]
|
1,900
|
95% of the Moriori population was eradicated by the invasion from Taranaki, a group of Ngāti Mutunga and Ngāti Tama people from the Māori tribe.[367][368] All were enslaved and many were cannibalized.[369] They were not permitted to mix with their race.[370] The Moriori language is now extinct.[364][371] There are no Moriori of unmixed ancestry left.[366]
|
Conquest of the Desert and Mapuche decline[N 52]
|
Patagonia, modern day Argentina
|
1870s
|
1884
|
1,313 [372]
|
225,000 [373]
|
Mapuche population reduced from 250,000 to 25,000.[373]
|
Black War (Genocide of Aboriginal Tasmanians)[N 53]
|
Tasmania, Australia
|
Mid 1820s
|
1832
|
400 [376]
|
1,000 [376]
|
|